OVER HEAD TANK
An overhead tank, also
known as an elevated water tank or water tower, is a structure used for storing
and distributing water for various purposes, such as domestic, commercial,
industrial, or municipal use. These tanks are typically elevated above the
ground to utilize gravity to generate water pressure, allowing for the
efficient distribution of water to lower-lying areas.
Here's an overview of the key components and
features of an overhead tank:
1.
Tank Structure:
The tank itself is usually a cylindrical or rectangular container made of
materials such as concrete, steel, or fiberglass. The choice of material
depends on factors such as cost, durability, and environmental considerations.
The tank is designed to withstand the weight of the stored water and any
external loads, as well as environmental factors such as wind, seismic
activity, and temperature variations.
2.
Supporting Structure: The tank is supported by a sturdy framework or supporting
structure, which may consist of columns, braces, and beams. This structure
provides stability and ensures that the tank remains elevated at the desired
height. The supporting structure is designed to withstand the weight of the
tank and the stored water, as well as any dynamic loads such as wind or seismic
forces.
3.
Inlet and Outlet Pipes: Inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the tank to facilitate
the filling and draining of water. The inlet pipe allows water to flow into the
tank from a water source, such as a pump or municipal water supply system,
while the outlet pipe allows water to be distributed from the tank to various
points of use. Valves, gauges, and other control devices may be installed on
these pipes to regulate the flow of water and monitor water levels.
4.
Overflow and Ventilation Systems: Overflow pipes are installed to prevent the tank from
overfilling and ensure that excess water is safely discharged away from the
tank structure. Ventilation systems may also be incorporated to allow air to
enter and exit the tank, preventing the buildup of pressure and reducing the
risk of corrosion or contamination.
5.
Access and Maintenance: Access hatches, manholes, or doors are provided on the tank
structure to allow for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance activities. These
openings may be equipped with ladders, platforms, or safety rails to facilitate
safe access for maintenance personnel.
6.
Safety Features: Various safety features may be incorporated into the design of
an overhead tank to ensure the safety of personnel and the integrity of the
structure. These features may include lightning protection systems, fire
suppression systems, security fencing, and signage indicating the maximum load
capacity and other relevant information.
7.
Design Considerations: The design of an overhead tank takes into account factors such
as water demand, storage capacity, available space, site conditions, and
regulatory requirements. Engineers use structural analysis, hydraulic
calculations, and other engineering principles to design a tank that meets the
specific needs of the project while ensuring safety, reliability, and
efficiency.
Overall, overhead tanks play a vital role in
water supply systems by providing a reliable source of water storage and
distribution, especially in areas where ground-level water pressure may be
insufficient. Proper design, construction, and maintenance are essential to
ensure the long-term performance and functionality of overhead tanks in various
civil engineering applications.